Hubble Images of Comet 1996 B2 Hyakutake

Observer: Hal Weaver
Location: Hubble Space Telescope
Date: March 25, 1996 13:30 UT

Hubble Probes Inner Region Of Comet Hyakutake

These are NASA Hubble Space Telescope images of comet Hyakutake (designated C/1996 B2), taken at 8:30 P.M.. EST on Monday, March 25 when the comet passed at a distance of only 9.3 million miles from Earth.

Unlike most of the published images of Hyakutake, these Hubble images focus on a very small region near the heart of the comet, the icy, solid nucleus. The Hubble images provide an exceptionally clear view of the near-nucleus region of comet Hyakutake.

The images were taken through a red filter with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (in WF mode). The sunward and tailward directions are at approximately the 4 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions, respectively. Celestial North and East are at approximately the 5:30 and 2:30 positions, respectively.

Photo No.: STScI-PRC96-14
Credit: Hal Weaver (Applied Research Corp.), HST Comet Hyakutake Observing Team and NASA

JPEG 11K Full-field View
This image is 2070 miles across (3340 km) and shows that most of the dust is being produced on the sunward-facing hemisphere of the comet. Also at upper left are three small pieces which have broken off the comet and are forming their own tails.

Icy regions on the nucleus are activated as they rotate into sunlight, ejecting large amounts of dust in the jets that are faintly visible in this image. Sunlight striking this dust eventually turns it around and "blows" it into the tailward hemisphere. What might be another jet is emanating from the nightside of the nucleus, but this direction might be misleading due to the angle of the jet relative to our line-of-sight.

JPEG 15K Close-up of Nucleus
This expanded view of the near-nucleus region is only 470 miles (760 km) across. The nucleus is near the center of the frame, but the brightest area is probably the tip of the strongest dust jet rather than the nucleus itself. Presumably, the nucleus surface lies just below this bright jet. Further analysis may allow scientists to disentangle the nucleus from its atmosphere (coma), presently it's difficult to estimate the nucleus' size.

JPEG 15K Close-up of Comet Fragments
This image shows pieces of the nucleus that apparently broke off and were first detected during ground-based observations on March 24. The Hubble image shows at least three separate objects that are probably made up of coarse-grained dust. Large fragments of the nucleus would not be accelerated into the tail, which appears to be the case in this image.

JPEG 34K Computer Processed Image of Nuclear Region
The image of the comet has been processed to emphasize the jets. The original image is divided by a perfectly circularly symmetric model coma. Regions where the coma conforms to the model are colored black, while strong jets appear white. The nucleus is approximately at the intersection of the jets.

Science Background -- Evolution of a Comets Nucleus

A comet nucleus is a giant dirty snowball which is a remant of the solar system's formation 4.6 billion years ago. As the nucleus journeys from the cold, dark regions beyond Pluto and gets closer to the sun, the various ices in the nucleus start vaporizing furiously, driving off the dust particles that form the now familiar fuzzy coma and dust tail. In addition, some of the gas molecules leaving the nucleus get stripped of one of their electrons by solar ultraviolet light and are captured into the long, straight ion tails that point away from the sun.

Comet 1996 B2 Hyakutake Home Page