Galileo Tour Orbital Elements
The order of the satellite encounters and their dates are:
Io December 7, 1995
Ganymede June 27, 1996
Ganymede September 6, 1996
Callisto November 4, 1996
Europa December 19, 1996
(Europa)* January 20, 1997
Europa February 20, 1997
Ganymede April 5, 1997
Ganymede May 7, 1997
Callisto June 25, 1997
Callisto September 17, 1997
Europa November 6, 1997
* The Europa encounter on orbit 5 was not considered a "targeted"
encounter since it occurred during the solar conjunction phasing
orbit.
The orbital elements given below are Keplerian (semi-major axis,
eccentricity, inclination, node angle, arg of periapsis, and mean
anomaly). The reference frame is Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000.
The central body for each set of elements and the valid time period
for those elements are indicated.
Times are given in both Julian date format in ephemeris time (ET) and calendar date format in Greenwich mean time (GMT). For the general exposure that these elements will receive, GMT has been used and is understood to be the same as universal time (UTC). To clarify any ambiguity between these two time formats, the delta-time (ET minus UTC) and the epoch of each value of delta-time are:
61.184 seconds 01 July 1994
62.184 seconds 01 January 1996
63.184 seconds 01 July 1997
The set of Jupiter-centered elements comprise a complete set of elements
for general use. The body-centered elements at close approach are
included for completeness and are valid only for those times.
The next set of orbital elements are for the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) and can be found in GEM Elements. Those elements continue the planned Galileo "tour" until January 4, 2000. Preceding mission elements are the Interplanetary Elements and the Probe Elements.
JUPITER CENTRAL BODY CHANGE TO IO, ORBIT 0:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2449974.45685 ET (95/09/13 22:56:51 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:58 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2449974.45685 ET (95/09/13 22:56:51 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -4152887.6 km
Eccentricity 1.000643
Inclination 54.202 degree
Node Angle 168.953 degree
Arg of Periapsis 3.614 degree
Mean Anomaly -558.201 degree
IO, ORBIT 0, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Io centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -27.0 km
Eccentricity 101.630078
Inclination 11.105 degree
Node Angle -137.855 degree
Arg of Periapsis -60.855 degree
Mean Anomaly 13.992 degree
IO, ORBIT 0, TO JOI BURN START:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:58 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450059.51976 ET (95/12/08 00:27:26 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 176338.0 km
Eccentricity .998200
Inclination 19.702 degree
Node Angle -169.688 degree
Arg of Periapsis -170.076 degree
Mean Anomaly .060 degree
JOI BURN START TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 0:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450059.51976 ET (95/12/08 00:27:26 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450158.77546 ET (96/03/16 06:35:38 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450059.51976 ET (95/12/08 00:27:26 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 9814722.8 km
Eccentricity .971233
Inclination 5.304 degree
Node Angle 61.041 degree
Arg of Periapsis 87.606 degree
Mean Anomaly .206 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 0, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 1:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450158.77546 ET (96/03/16 06:35:38 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450261.77094 ET (96/06/27 06:29:07 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450158.77546 ET (96/03/16 06:35:38 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 10091832.4 km
Eccentricity .917106
Inclination 5.361 degree
Node Angle 67.362 degree
Arg of Periapsis 81.337 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.816 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 1, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450261.77094 ET (96/06/27 06:29:07 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -179.3 km
Eccentricity 20.345941
Inclination 31.289 degree
Node Angle 85.498 degree
Arg of Periapsis 77.790 degree
Mean Anomaly .335 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 1, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 1:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450261.77094 ET (96/06/27 06:29:07 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450298.30449 ET (96/08/02 19:17:26 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450261.77094 ET (96/06/27 06:29:07 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 4969801.2 km
Eccentricity .841245
Inclination 4.140 degree
Node Angle 59.612 degree
Arg of Periapsis 96.819 degree
Mean Anomaly -3.784 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 1, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 2:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450298.30449 ET (96/08/02 19:17:26 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450333.29208 ET (96/09/06 18:59:34 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450298.30449 ET (96/08/02 19:17:26 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 4963861.8 km
Eccentricity .843448
Inclination 4.165 degree
Node Angle 57.205 degree
Arg of Periapsis 99.227 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.904 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 2, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450333.29208 ET (96/09/06 18:59:34 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -174.8 km
Eccentricity 17.560117
Inclination 79.730 degree
Node Angle 77.754 degree
Arg of Periapsis 88.623 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 2, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 2:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450333.29208 ET (96/09/06 18:59:34 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450364.08289 ET (96/10/07 13:58:20 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450333.29208 ET (96/09/06 18:59:34 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 4418348.1 km
Eccentricity .827649
Inclination 2.269 degree
Node Angle -8.391 degree
Arg of Periapsis 167.121 degree
Mean Anomaly -4.666 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 2, TO CALLISTO, ORBIT 3:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450364.08289 ET (96/10/07 13:58:20 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450392.06632 ET (96/11/04 13:34:28 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450364.08289 ET (96/10/07 13:58:20 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 4413863.5 km
Eccentricity .829506
Inclination 2.293 degree
Node Angle -8.527 degree
Arg of Periapsis 167.267 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.994 degree
CALLISTO, ORBIT 3, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450392.06632 ET (96/11/04 13:34:28 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Callisto centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -121.1 km
Eccentricity 30.218627
Inclination 13.583 degree
Node Angle 52.703 degree
Arg of Periapsis 98.335 degree
Mean Anomaly .478 degree
CALLISTO, ORBIT 3, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 3:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450392.06632 ET (96/11/04 13:34:28 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450415.36719 ET (96/11/27 20:47:43 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450392.06632 ET (96/11/04 13:34:28 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3512428.1 km
Eccentricity .814469
Inclination 1.968 degree
Node Angle -34.020 degree
Arg of Periapsis -158.971 degree
Mean Anomaly -16.818 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 3, TO EUROPA, ORBIT 4:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450415.36719 ET (96/11/27 20:47:43 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450436.78750 ET (96/12/19 06:52:58 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450415.36719 ET (96/11/27 20:47:43 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3514114.9 km
Eccentricity .813592
Inclination 1.995 degree
Node Angle -33.714 degree
Arg of Periapsis -159.217 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.934 degree
EUROPA, ORBIT 4, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450436.78750 ET (96/12/19 06:52:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -107.6 km
Eccentricity 21.967224
Inclination 177.627 degree
Node Angle -169.554 degree
Arg of Periapsis -141.226 degree
Mean Anomaly .140 degree
EUROPA, ORBIT 4, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 4:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450436.78750 ET (96/12/19 06:52:58 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450452.57337 ET (97/01/04 01:44:37 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450436.78750 ET (96/12/19 06:52:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 2900352.6 km
Eccentricity .776527
Inclination 1.963 degree
Node Angle -34.541 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.182 degree
Mean Anomaly 1.969 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 4, TO EUROPA NON-TARGETED, ORBIT 5:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450452.57337 ET (97/01/04 01:44:37 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450468.54837 ET (97/01/20 01:08:37 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450452.57337 ET (97/01/04 01:44:37 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 2899690.2 km
Eccentricity .776933
Inclination 1.957 degree
Node Angle -34.594 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.131 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.947 degree
EUROPA NON-TARGETED, ORBIT 5, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450468.54837 ET (97/01/20 01:08:37 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -126.9 km
Eccentricity 223.410429
Inclination 178.227 degree
Node Angle 172.059 degree
Arg of Periapsis -168.192 degree
Mean Anomaly -.635 degree
EUROPA NON-TARGETED, ORBIT 5, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 5:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450468.54837 ET (97/01/20 01:08:37 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450484.46549 ET (97/02/04 23:09:16 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450468.54837 ET (97/01/20 01:08:37 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 2898856.0 km
Eccentricity .776907
Inclination 1.964 degree
Node Angle -34.522 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.506 degree
Mean Anomaly .343 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 5, TO EUROPA, ORBIT 6:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450484.46549 ET (97/02/04 23:09:16 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450500.21333 ET (97/02/20 17:06:10 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450484.46549 ET (97/02/04 23:09:16 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 2897863.6 km
Eccentricity .777515
Inclination 1.983 degree
Node Angle -34.344 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.682 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.976 degree
EUROPA, ORBIT 6, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450500.21333 ET (97/02/20 17:06:10 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -107.2 km
Eccentricity 21.074334
Inclination 163.854 degree
Node Angle -99.317 degree
Arg of Periapsis -93.281 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.235 degree
EUROPA, ORBIT 6, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 6:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450500.21333 ET (97/02/20 17:06:10 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450521.66384 ET (97/03/14 03:54:54 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450500.21333 ET (97/02/20 17:06:10 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3514299.9 km
Eccentricity .814380
Inclination 1.493 degree
Node Angle -31.482 degree
Arg of Periapsis -169.439 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.339 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 6, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 7:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450521.66384 ET (97/03/14 03:54:54 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450543.79931 ET (97/04/05 07:09:58 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450521.66384 ET (97/03/14 03:54:54 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3512241.2 km
Eccentricity .815446
Inclination 1.893 degree
Node Angle -29.234 degree
Arg of Periapsis -171.621 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.704 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 7, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450543.79931 ET (97/04/05 07:09:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -143.3 km
Eccentricity 41.028700
Inclination 124.487 degree
Node Angle 66.754 degree
Arg of Periapsis 92.918 degree
Mean Anomaly -.987 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 7, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 7:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450543.79931 ET (97/04/05 07:09:58 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450559.98331 ET (97/04/21 11:34:56 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450543.79931 ET (97/04/05 07:09:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3030549.3 km
Eccentricity .790694
Inclination 2.515 degree
Node Angle 13.299 degree
Arg of Periapsis 143.310 degree
Mean Anomaly 9.042 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 7, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 8:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450559.98331 ET (97/04/21 11:34:56 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450576.16472 ET (97/05/07 15:56:10 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450559.98331 ET (97/04/21 11:34:56 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3028169.2 km
Eccentricity .792103
Inclination 2.662 degree
Node Angle 10.967 degree
Arg of Periapsis 145.668 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.822 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 8, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450576.16472 ET (97/05/07 15:56:10 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -141.0 km
Eccentricity 31.053993
Inclination 151.941 degree
Node Angle 69.371 degree
Arg of Periapsis 92.431 degree
Mean Anomaly .903 degree
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 8, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 8:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450576.16472 ET (97/05/07 15:56:10 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450602.01847 ET (97/06/02 12:25:34 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450576.16472 ET (97/05/07 15:56:10 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3914073.9 km
Eccentricity .830617
Inclination 2.315 degree
Node Angle -11.856 degree
Arg of Periapsis 163.109 degree
Mean Anomaly -5.930 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 8, TO CALLISTO, ORBIT 9:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450602.01847 ET (97/06/02 12:25:34 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450625.07560 ET (97/06/25 13:47:50 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450602.01847 ET (97/06/02 12:25:34 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3912515.6 km
Eccentricity .831346
Inclination 2.324 degree
Node Angle -11.924 degree
Arg of Periapsis 163.205 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.925 degree
CALLISTO, ORBIT 9, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450625.07560 ET (97/06/25 13:47:50 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Callisto centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -115.0 km
Eccentricity 25.538953
Inclination 178.037 degree
Node Angle 98.351 degree
Arg of Periapsis 142.605 degree
Mean Anomaly -.544 degree
CALLISTO, ORBIT 9, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 9:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450625.07560 ET (97/06/25 13:47:50 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450668.73303 ET (97/08/08 05:34:31 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450625.07560 ET (97/06/25 13:47:50 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 5497429.5 km
Eccentricity .860182
Inclination 2.190 degree
Node Angle -15.991 degree
Arg of Periapsis 157.973 degree
Mean Anomaly -8.311 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 9, TO CALLISTO, ORBIT 10:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450668.73303 ET (97/08/08 05:34:31 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450708.51387 ET (97/09/17 00:18:55 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450668.73303 ET (97/08/08 05:34:31 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 5496393.0 km
Eccentricity .860530
Inclination 2.193 degree
Node Angle -16.028 degree
Arg of Periapsis 158.117 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.686 degree
CALLISTO, ORBIT 10, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450708.51387 ET (97/09/17 00:18:55 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Callisto centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -114.3 km
Eccentricity 26.706010
Inclination 5.660 degree
Node Angle 27.294 degree
Arg of Periapsis 108.735 degree
Mean Anomaly .088 degree
CALLISTO, ORBIT 10, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 10:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450708.51387 ET (97/09/17 00:18:55 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450735.01684 ET (97/10/13 12:23:12 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450708.51387 ET (97/09/17 00:18:55 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3863697.7 km
Eccentricity .830476
Inclination 1.981 degree
Node Angle -24.795 degree
Arg of Periapsis 176.468 degree
Mean Anomaly -14.328 degree
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 10, TO EUROPA, ORBIT 11:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450735.01684 ET (97/10/13 12:23:12 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450759.35610 ET (97/11/06 20:31:44 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450735.01684 ET (97/10/13 12:23:12 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3859004.9 km
Eccentricity .832702
Inclination 1.696 degree
Node Angle -24.205 degree
Arg of Periapsis 175.907 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.940 degree
EUROPA, ORBIT 11, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450759.35610 ET (97/11/06 20:31:44 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis -101.1 km
Eccentricity 36.697336
Inclination 25.121 degree
Node Angle 74.392 degree
Arg of Periapsis 94.221 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.257 degree
EUROPA, ORBIT 11, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 11:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450759.35610 ET (97/11/06 20:31:44 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450779.14830 ET (97/11/26 15:32:29 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450759.35610 ET (97/11/06 20:31:44 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of J2000
Semi-major Axis 3327742.4 km
Eccentricity .807238
Inclination 2.134 degree
Node Angle -29.958 degree
Arg of Periapsis -176.173 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.599 degree